Toronto vs Vancouver, 2026

The short answer

Toronto is cheaper to rent and buy in, and it has less police-reported crime. Vancouver charges less tax on a home, both when you buy and every year, offers $200-a-month daycare at centres in the province's $10-a-day program, and barely sees snow. The two job markets are closer than their sizes suggest. Each card shows the number behind the call.

1. Cheaper rent

   Toronto

   A two-bedroom in a purpose-built apartment rented for an average of $2,046 a month in the Toronto metro area in October 2025, against $2,363 in Vancouver's.^1,2 Listings showed a similar gap this spring: $2,650 against $3,030 in the second quarter of 2026.³

   $317Less a month for a two-bedroom, Oct. 2025
2. Cheaper homes

   Toronto

   The MLS® Home Price Index composite benchmark was $917,600 across TRREB's area and $1,075,900 across GVR's in September 2026. The gap grows to $588,300 for detached houses.^4,5

   $158,300Lower composite benchmark (our calculation)
3. Lower taxes on a home

   Vancouver

   Buying a $1,000,000 home costs $18,000 in B.C. property transfer tax and $32,950 in Ontario and Toronto land transfer taxes (our calculation).^6,7,8 Vancouver's 2026 residential tax rate is $3.36 per $1,000 of assessed value; Toronto's is $7.67.^9,10

   $14,950Less transfer tax on a $1M purchase (our calculation)
4. Cheaper daycare, where you get a spot

   Vancouver

   Families at $10 a Day ChildCareBC Centres pay no more than $200 a month per child. Ontario caps fees in enrolled programs at $22 a day.^11,12

   $3,342Less a year per child at each cap (our calculation)
5. Lower crime

   Toronto

   Toronto's Crime Severity Index was 54.99 in 2025 and Vancouver's 83.51, against 75.01 for Canada. Vancouver's index rose 1.5% from 2024 while Toronto's fell 7.5% (our calculations).¹³

   54.99Crime Severity Index, vs 83.51 in Vancouver
6. Milder winter, wetter year

   Vancouver

   January averages 4.1°C at Vancouver's airport and −5.0°C at Toronto Pearson. The high stays at or below freezing on 2.8 days a year in Vancouver and 49.5 in Toronto. Vancouver gets rain or snow on 169.5 days a year, Toronto on 147.3.^14,15

   9.1°CMilder January average (our calculation)
7. Jobs: split

   Vancouver for the rate, Toronto for the size

   Unemployment averaged 6.4% in Vancouver and 6.8% in Toronto over June to August 2026.¹⁶ Toronto-region employers had 89,210 vacant jobs in the second quarter of 2026, against 52,560 in the Lower Mainland-Southwest region around Vancouver.¹⁷

   6.4%Vancouver unemployment, vs 6.8% in Toronto

Toronto vs Vancouver: the full scorecard

Twenty-seven measures, newest data we could find for each. Most figures cover the metro area, the city plus the suburbs around it, because that is how Statistics Canada and CMHC report. Home prices cover each real estate board's whole area, and property tax covers each city itself. On a phone, swipe the table sideways.

Metro area means Statistics Canada's census metropolitan area. Rents are CMHC's survey of purpose-built apartments (what tenants pay) and Statistics Canada's experimental listing data (what new tenants are asked). Home prices are MLS® Home Price Index benchmarks from TRREB and GVR, which are industry bodies; TRREB's area covers the Greater Toronto Area and GVR's runs from Maple Ridge to Whistler but leaves out Surrey and Langley. Property tax uses each city's 2026 total residential rate on the same assessed value. Transfer tax assumes a home with one single-family residence and no first-time buyer rebate. Toronto's transit figure is the most an adult pays in a month under fare capping. Wages are averages offered in job ads, not wages paid. Climate figures are 30-year normals at each city's main airport. Differences in the Edge column are our calculations.

Monthly cost gap: where Toronto costs more, and where it costs less

Toronto minus Vancouver, dollars a month. Green bars: Toronto costs less. Orange bars: Toronto costs more. Daycare compares Ontario's $22-a-day cap over 261 weekdays with B.C.'s $200 monthly cap at $10-a-day centres. Property tax is our calculation for a home assessed at $1,000,000 in both cities, divided by 12.

• Two-bedroom asking rentQ2 2026 listings−$380
• Two-bedroom average rentCMHC, Oct. 2025−$317
• Property tax$1,000,000 assessment+$359
• Daycare, one childat each cap+$279
• Adult transitfare cap vs 1-zone pass+$38

−$4000+$400

Toronto vs Vancouver population

The Toronto metro area has more than twice as many people. Statistics Canada estimated 7,108,874 people in the Toronto metro area on July 1, 2025, and 3,088,036 in Vancouver's.¹⁸ The gap is wider inside city limits: 3,271,830 people in the City of Toronto and 740,454 in the City of Vancouver.¹⁹ About 76% of the Vancouver metro's people live outside the central city, against 54% in Toronto's (our calculation).

Growth has nearly stopped in both metros. Statistics Canada said the Toronto metro "saw virtually no change in its population (-992; -0.0%)" in the year to July 1, 2025, while "the population in the Vancouver CMA also grew at a slower rate (+0.2%)."²⁰ Over four years the picture differs: since July 1, 2021, the Vancouver metro has grown 11.4% and Toronto's 9.8%, by our calculation from the same estimates. The City of Vancouver itself lost 8,334 people in the latest year, a drop of 1.1%.^18,19

Cost of living in Toronto vs Vancouver

Renting

Vancouver is the more expensive place to rent, by a few hundred dollars a month for a two-bedroom. In CMHC's October 2025 survey of purpose-built rentals, a two-bedroom averaged $2,363 a month in the Vancouver metro and $2,046 in Toronto's. One-bedrooms were close, $1,806 against $1,761, and across all sizes the averages were $1,963 and $1,913.^2,1 Inside the central cities the gap widens: a two-bedroom averaged $2,647 in the City of Vancouver and $2,055 in the City of Toronto.^2,1

Vacancy rose in both metros. It reached 3.7% in Vancouver, up from 1.6% a year earlier, and 3.0% in Toronto, up from 2.5%.^2,1

CMHC's figures average what all tenants pay, including people on older leases. If you're moving, listings matter more. Statistics Canada put the average two-bedroom asking rent at $3,030 in Vancouver and $2,650 in Toronto in the second quarter of 2026, against $2,470 and $2,160 paid by sitting tenants. Vancouver's asking rent fell 4.1% in a year.³ Toronto's slipped 0.7%, by our calculation from the same table.³¹ Statistics Canada says the gap between asking and paid rent comes from "existing lease agreements signed in the past that are subject to price controls in some provinces," and calls these listing figures experimental.³

Set against local income, 12 months of two-bedroom asking rent equals 33.8% of the 2023 median census-family income in Vancouver and 31.0% in Toronto (our calculation; the income figures are the latest from tax data).^3,21

Buying

Both real estate boards publish the MLS® Home Price Index, a benchmark for a typical home that is less swayed by the mix of homes sold in a month than a median. In September 2026 the composite benchmark for all home types was $1,075,900 in the Greater Vancouver REALTORS® area, down 5.5% in a year. The detached benchmark was $1,784,700, a townhouse $1,016,700 and an apartment $682,500.⁵ Across the Toronto Regional Real Estate Board's area, the composite benchmark was $917,600, down 4.65%, with detached houses at $1,196,400, townhouses at $668,800 and apartments at $527,200.⁴

The central cities are closer on condos than on houses. The City of Toronto's composite benchmark was $908,200, with detached houses at $1,417,600 and apartments at $543,800.⁴ GVR reports the City of Vancouver as two areas. Vancouver East had a composite benchmark of $1,120,200 and Vancouver West $1,206,600. Apartments were $634,800 in Vancouver East and $761,800 in Vancouver West; detached houses were $1,630,500 and $2,916,100.⁵

Property tax

Vancouver's 2026 residential rate adds up to $3.36394 for every $1,000 of taxable value: $1.93406 for the city, $0.98001 in provincial school tax, $0.35893 for TransLink and smaller levies for Metro Vancouver, BC Assessment and the Municipal Finance Authority.⁹ Toronto's 2026 total residential rate is 0.767311% of assessed value, or $7.67311 per $1,000: 0.605295% for the city, 0.153% for Ontario's education tax and 0.009016% for the City Building Fund.¹⁰

On a home assessed at $1,000,000 in each city, the 2026 bill would be $7,673.11 in Toronto and $3,363.94 in Vancouver, a difference of $4,309.17 a year (our calculation). B.C. owners who live in their home can also claim the province's home owner grant, which lowers the bill; in 2026 the full grant goes to homes assessed at $2,075,000 or less.³² We left it out of the calculation.

The same assessment does not mean the same house. Ontario has not reassessed property since 2016: MPAC says assessments for the 2026 tax year "will continue to be based on fully phased-in January 1, 2016 current values."²³ B.C. reassesses every year, and the 2026 assessments "reflect market value as of July 1, 2025," according to BC Assessment.²⁴ A Toronto home assessed at $1,000,000 would therefore sell for more than a Vancouver home with the same assessment, so the real gap on homes of equal market value is smaller than the rates suggest. For reference, Toronto says its average home, assessed at $692,140, pays about $5,311 in 2026.¹⁰

Land transfer tax when you buy

Toronto buyers pay two land transfer taxes. Ontario charges 0.5% on the first $55,000 of the price, rising in steps to 2% on the portion above $400,000 and 2.5% above $2,000,000 for homes with one or two single-family residences.⁷ The City of Toronto has charged its own Municipal Land Transfer Tax "in addition to the Provincial Land Transfer Tax" since Feb. 1, 2008, at the same rates up to $3,000,000 and higher rates above that since April 1, 2026.⁸ B.C.'s property transfer tax is 1% of the first $200,000 and 2% of the value up to $2,000,000.⁶

On a $1,000,000 purchase that comes to $16,475 for Ontario plus $16,475 for Toronto, or $32,950, against $18,000 in Vancouver, by our calculation. Both provinces and Toronto offer first-time buyer rebates, which we did not apply.

Vacancy taxes

Both cities tax homes left empty at 3% of assessed value. Toronto raised its Vacant Home Tax to "3% of the property's Current Value Assessment" starting with the 2024 tax year.³³ Vancouver taxes properties "deemed or declared empty in the 2025 reference year" at 3% of their assessed taxable value.³⁴ Vancouver owners also fall under B.C.'s speculation and vacancy tax, which has separate rules: owners in the City of Vancouver must "declare separately for each tax" and may be exempt from one but owe the other.³⁵ For 2026 its rate is 1% for Canadian citizens and permanent residents and 3% for foreign owners and untaxed worldwide earners, and the foreign rate rises to 4% in 2027.³⁶ All three call for a yearly declaration from most owners, including those who live in the home.^33,34,35

Daycare

B.C. families at a $10 a Day ChildCareBC Centre "pay no more than $200 a month per child for child care," for full-time care during regular business hours. Providers apply to join; families do not.^11,37 Other licensed providers can join B.C.'s Child Care Fee Reduction Initiative, which funds them "to reduce and stabilize monthly child care fees"; those fees vary by provider.³⁷ In Ontario, programs enrolled in the federal-provincial child care system have capped fees at $22 a day since Jan. 1, 2025, which the province says brought the average to $19 a day.¹²

Over a year, a $10-a-day space costs at most $2,400, and an Ontario space at the cap $5,742 over 261 weekdays, a difference of $3,342 per child (our calculation). Neither figure tells you how long the wait for a space is, and we found no official count of how many Vancouver spaces are in the $10-a-day program.

Sales tax and everyday prices

Ontario charges a 13% harmonized sales tax. B.C. charges the 5% federal GST plus a 7% provincial sales tax, 12% in all.²⁵ B.C.'s PST applies "with some exceptions," so the two lists of taxable items differ.²⁶

Prices rose faster in Vancouver: 2.8% in the year to August 2026, against 2.1% in Toronto, by our calculation from Statistics Canada's consumer price index. Shelter costs rose 1.5% in Vancouver and slipped 0.5% in Toronto.³⁰ The index tracks change over time inside each city. It can't tell you which city is cheaper.

Cost of moving from Vancouver to Toronto

We found no official data on what movers charge between the two cities, so get written quotes. The official figures do show how a household budget shifts with the move. Read the list the other way for a move from Toronto to Vancouver.

• Rent goes down. A two-bedroom listing asked about $380 a month less in Toronto in the second quarter of 2026.³
• Buying costs more in tax, less in price. On the same $1,000,000 price, transfer taxes come to $14,950 more in Toronto (our calculation), but benchmark home prices are lower: $158,300 lower across the two board areas for a composite home.^7,8,6,4,5
• Property tax goes up per dollar of assessment. Toronto's rate is more than twice Vancouver's, though Ontario's 2016 assessment values narrow the real gap.^10,9,23
• Daycare may cost more. Up to $22 a day in an enrolled Ontario program, against $200 a month at a B.C. $10-a-day centre.^12,11
• Car insurance changes system. You leave ICBC's Basic plan, which every B.C. vehicle needs, for a policy from a private insurer in Ontario.^38,39
• Sales tax rises one point, from 12% to 13% on most purchases.²⁵

Jobs and pay in Toronto and Vancouver

Toronto's job market is more than twice the size. Over June to August 2026, 3,777,400 people worked in the Toronto metro and 1,708,100 in Vancouver's. Vancouver did better on the rates: unemployment was 6.4% against Toronto's 6.8%, and the employment rate, the share of people 15 and older with a job, was 63.5% against 61.9%.¹⁶

Toronto has closed most of the gap in a year. Over June to August 2025, unemployment was 8.8% in Toronto and 6.2% in Vancouver.¹⁶ Across all of 2025, the averages were 8.6% and 6.4%.⁴⁰

We found no Statistics Canada table of average wages paid by city. The closest is the wage employers offer in job ads. In the second quarter of 2026 it averaged $31.55 an hour in the Toronto economic region and $30.95 in Lower Mainland-Southwest, the region that includes Vancouver. Toronto-region employers were trying to fill 89,210 jobs and Lower Mainland employers 52,560; the vacancy rate was higher around Vancouver, 3.2% against 2.5%.¹⁷

Incomes are close. Tax data put the median total income of census families at $107,720 in Vancouver and $102,570 in Toronto in 2023, before tax and including government transfers.²¹ Statistics Canada's Canadian Income Survey put the 2024 median after-tax income of economic families at $117,600 in Vancouver and $117,900 in Toronto.²² The two sources count families in different ways, and the survey's city estimates carry a margin of error. Our average salary by city guide breaks pay down further.

None of these city-wide figures tells you much about demand for your own work. Job Bank, the federal job site, publishes wages and outlooks by occupation for each region.⁴¹

Crime and safety

Statistics Canada's Crime Severity Index measures "both crime volume relative to the population and the relative severity of all police-reported crimes."⁴² In 2025 Toronto's index was 54.99 and Vancouver's 83.51, against 75.01 for Canada. For violent crime alone, the index was 71.57 in Toronto and 80.67 in Vancouver, against 97.19 nationally.¹³

Crime Severity Index, 2025

Police-reported crime weighted by seriousness, metro areas. Green bars are below Canada's index for the same measure; orange is above it.

• TorontoOverall · Canada 75.0154.99
• VancouverOverall · Canada 75.0183.51
• TorontoViolent · Canada 97.1971.57
• VancouverViolent · Canada 97.1980.67

0255075100

The two moved in opposite directions in 2025. Toronto's index fell 7.5% from 59.43, while Vancouver's rose 1.5% from 82.29 and its violent crime index 5.1% from 76.73 (our calculations).¹³ Non-violent crime explains why Vancouver's overall index sits above the national figure: its non-violent index was 85.35, against 66.78 for Canada and 48.82 for Toronto.¹³ One number for a whole metro area hides big differences between neighbourhoods. Before you sign a lease, look up the area with the local police service.

Weather: Vancouver's rain vs Toronto's snow

The two cities trade cold for wet. Environment and Climate Change Canada's 1991-2020 normals put the January daily average at 4.1°C at Vancouver International and −5.0°C at Toronto Pearson. The daily high stays at or below 0°C on 2.8 days a year in Vancouver and 49.5 in Toronto. Vancouver gets 36.6 cm of snow in a typical year, Toronto 114.5 cm.^14,15

Vancouver makes up for it in rain. Its airport records 1,159.5 mm of rain and snow a year against 806.8 mm at Pearson, and has some on 169.5 days against 147.3. November alone brings 171.2 mm of rain in Vancouver.^14,15 Summers are cooler on the coast: July averages 18.2°C in Vancouver and 22.1°C in Toronto, and Toronto has 17.2 days a year above 30°C against 0.23 in Vancouver.^14,15 Both stations are at airports outside downtown.

Getting around

TransLink's adult monthly pass costs $117.20 for one zone, $156.70 for two and $211.65 for all three, after fares rose an average of 5% on July 1, 2026. "All bus and HandyDART trips are a 1-Zone fare at all times," and every trip on weekends or after 6:30 p.m. on weekdays counts as one zone. SkyTrain trips across zone lines on weekdays cost more. A single adult fare on a Compass Card is $2.85 for one zone.²⁹

Toronto has swapped its adult monthly pass for a monthly fare cap. Once you pay 47 fares in a calendar month with the same card, "the rest of your trips on the TTC in that calendar month are free."²⁸ At the $3.30 adult PRESTO fare, the most an adult pays is $155.10 a month (our calculation). The Adult 12-Month Pass, which needs a 12-month commitment, costs $143 a month.²⁷

The two metros commuted in similar ways in the 2021 census. Public transit was the main way to work for 14.9% of commuters in the Vancouver metro and 15.6% in Toronto's, and a car, truck or van for 74.7% and 76.0%. More Vancouverites walked or cycled, 8.2% against 5.7%. Average commutes took 27.3 minutes in Vancouver and 29.8 in Toronto (our calculations of the shares).⁴³ The census ran in May 2021, when "millions of Canadians continued to work from home," so read those numbers as a snapshot of an odd year.⁴⁴

Car insurance: ICBC vs Ontario's private market

The two provinces insure drivers in different ways. In B.C., "ICBC Basic Autoplan insurance is the mandatory coverage you need for a vehicle." Under its Enhanced Care model, injury benefits are paid "even if you're found responsible (at fault) for the crash," including income replacement at 90% of net income up to $122,500 of gross annual income. Basic includes $200,000 of third-party liability, and "the need to sue for accident benefits or vehicle damage against the driver responsible is removed."³⁸

Ontario drivers buy their policy from a private insurer. Since July 1, 2026, the medical, rehabilitation and attendant care benefits in that policy "remain mandatory, while all other accident benefits coverage will be optional."⁴⁵ The province's regulator, FSRA, put the average annual premium at $2,810 in the Greater Toronto Area and $2,164 across Ontario as of October 2025.³⁹ We found no comparable official average for Vancouver, so we can't say which city's drivers pay more. Our guides to car insurance in Toronto and the best car insurance in Ontario compare insurers' rates and complaint records.

Things to do

This page sticks to costs and official statistics. For attractions, prices and how to reach them by transit, see our guides to things to do in Toronto and things to do in Vancouver. For Canada's other big-city matchup, see Toronto vs Montreal.

Living in Vancouver vs Toronto: which city suits you

The numbers point different ways for different people. Match them to the costs that weigh most in your own budget.

• You rent: Toronto. A two-bedroom costs about $317 a month less in CMHC's survey and $380 less in current listings. Vancouver had more vacant units in October 2025, 3.7% against 3.0%.^1,2,3
• You want to buy a house: Toronto. The detached benchmark was $1,196,400 across TRREB's area and $1,784,700 across GVR's in September 2026. Budget more for transfer tax in Toronto, $14,950 more on a $1,000,000 purchase (our calculation).^4,5,7,8,6
• You own and care most about yearly tax: Vancouver. Its residential rate is $3.36 per $1,000 of assessment against $7.67 in Toronto, though the assessment bases differ.^9,10,23,24
• You have a child under 5: Vancouver, if you land a $10-a-day space. Those centres charge no more than $200 a month, against up to $22 a day in Ontario. Elsewhere in B.C., fees vary by provider.^11,37,12
• Crime is your main worry: Toronto. Vancouver's Crime Severity Index was 52% higher than Toronto's in 2025, and its violent crime index 13% higher (our calculations).¹³
• You dread snow and cold: Vancouver. January is 9.1°C milder at the airport, with about 47 fewer days below freezing and 77.9 cm less snow.^15,14
• You dread grey, wet months or want a hot summer: Toronto. It gets about 22 fewer days of rain or snow and 17.2 days a year above 30°C.^15,14
• You're job hunting: it depends on the field. Toronto-region employers were trying to fill 89,210 jobs and Lower Mainland employers 52,560; Vancouver had the lower unemployment rate, 6.4% against 6.8%. Check Job Bank for your occupation.^17,16,41

Before you move

• Price real listings. Search two-bedroom listings in the neighbourhoods you'd consider and set them against the asking rents above, $2,650 in Toronto and $3,030 in Vancouver.³
• Run the tax math on the home you want. In Toronto, multiply the assessed value by 0.767311% and price both land transfer taxes. In Vancouver, multiply the assessed value by $3.36394 per $1,000 and check the home owner grant.^{10,9,32,7,8,6}
• Ask daycare providers what they charge after subsidies. In B.C., ask whether the centre is a $10 a Day ChildCareBC Centre. In Ontario, ask whether it is enrolled in the $22-a-day system; if not, the reduced fees don't apply.^11,12
• Get insurance quotes for the new address. In Ontario, the GTA average premium runs $646 above the provincial average (our calculation). In B.C., Basic coverage comes from ICBC.^39,38
• Check the neighbourhood, not the metro. The Crime Severity Index covers each whole metro. Look up the blocks you're considering with the local police service.

Before you trust other comparisons

Many Toronto vs Vancouver comparisons mix figures that don't line up. Check four things before you rely on one.

• Check the area. GVR's benchmark covers Whistler and the Sunshine Coast but not Surrey. Setting a Vancouver West price against a GTA-wide figure exaggerates the gap; the City of Toronto's composite benchmark, $908,200, is the closer match to Vancouver East's $1,120,200 and Vancouver West's $1,206,600.^5,4
• Check which rent. CMHC's averages include long-time tenants. Listing prices show what a newcomer pays, and they ran $560 above paid rent in Vancouver and $490 in Toronto this spring (our calculation).³
• Check the assessment year. Ontario property assessments still use 2016 values; B.C.'s use July 1, 2025 values. Comparing tax rates alone overstates how much more Toronto owners pay.^23,24
• A price index is not a price level. Toronto's consumer price index (171.7 in August 2026) is higher than Vancouver's (167.0), but each measures change since 2002 in its own city. A higher index doesn't mean higher prices.³⁰

Common questions

How we did this

We chose measures that change what a move costs or how daily life feels, and took each from the agency that collects it: Statistics Canada for population, jobs, income, prices, commuting and crime; CMHC for rents and vacancies; the City of Toronto, the City of Vancouver, MPAC and BC Assessment for property tax; the Ontario and B.C. governments and the City of Toronto for transfer, vacancy and sales taxes and daycare fees; the Canada Revenue Agency for sales tax rates; Environment and Climate Change Canada for climate normals; the TTC and TransLink for fares; and FSRA and ICBC for car insurance. Home prices come from TRREB and GVR, which are industry bodies. We downloaded the Statistics Canada tables in full and checked every quote against the saved page or PDF on Oct. 6 and 7, 2026.

Where agencies report the metro area, we used the metro area. For home prices we used each board's MLS® Home Price Index benchmark, the measure both publish, for their whole areas and for the City of Toronto and GVR's two City of Vancouver areas. Everything labelled "our calculation" is simple arithmetic on the cited figures: differences, shares, tax bills from assessed value times the 2026 rate, transfer tax from each province's and Toronto's brackets, and daycare costs over 261 weekdays, the count Ontario uses. Consumer price changes are August 2026 over August 2025 from the published indexes.

We left some things out on purpose. We found no official average car insurance premium for Vancouver and no official data on moving costs. Income tax, water, electricity and garbage charges are set in different ways in the two provinces and cities, so we did not compare them. This page uses no Reddit or other social media posts.

No city, real estate board or insurer paid for this page, and it has no affiliate links. We will update it when new rent, jobs, crime or price data come out, and log each change below.

Sources

Show all 45 sourcesHide sources

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2. CMHC. "Rental Market Report data tables, Vancouver CMA, 2025 (Tables 1.1.1 and 1.1.2)." Dec. 11, 2025. assets.cmhc-schl.gc.ca/sites/cmhc/professional/housing-markets-data-and-research/housing-data-tables/rental-market/rental-market-report-data-tables/2025/rmr-vancouver-2025-en.xlsx
3. Statistics Canada. "Quarterly rent statistics, second quarter 2026. The Daily." Sept. 9, 2026. www150.statcan.gc.ca/n1/daily-quotidien/260909/dq260909c-eng.htm
4. Toronto Regional Real Estate Board (TRREB, industry body). "Market Watch, September 2026 (PDF), MLS® Home Price Index table, page 25." Oct. 6, 2026. trreb.ca/wp-content/files/market-stats/market-watch/mw2609.pdf
5. Greater Vancouver REALTORS® (GVR, industry body). "Monthly market report, September 2026: news release and MLS® Home Price Index tables (PDF)." Oct. 2, 2026. members.gvrealtors.ca/news/GVR-Stats-Package-September-2026.pdf
6. Government of British Columbia. "Property transfer tax." Updated Dec. 3, 2025; viewed Oct. 7, 2026. www2.gov.bc.ca/gov/content/taxes/property-taxes/property-transfer-tax
7. Government of Ontario. "Calculating land transfer tax." Viewed Oct. 7, 2026. www.ontario.ca/document/land-transfer-tax/calculating-land-transfer-tax
8. City of Toronto. "Municipal Land Transfer Tax & Municipal Non-Resident Speculation Tax Rates & Fees." Modified April 7, 2026; viewed Oct. 7, 2026. www.toronto.ca/services-payments/property-taxes-utilities/municipal-land-transfer-tax-mltt/municipal-land-transfer-tax-mltt-rates-and-fees/
9. City of Vancouver. "Residential property tax rates." Viewed Oct. 7, 2026. vancouver.ca/home-property-development/residential.aspx
10. City of Toronto. "Property Tax Rates & Fees (2026 property tax rates)." Viewed Oct. 7, 2026. www.toronto.ca/services-payments/property-taxes-utilities/property-tax/property-tax-rates-and-fees/
11. Government of British Columbia. "Child care information for families." Updated May 28, 2026; viewed Oct. 7, 2026. www2.gov.bc.ca/gov/content/family-social-supports/caring-for-young-children/family-information
12. Government of Ontario. "Canada-Ontario early learning and child care agreement." Updated Nov. 18, 2025; viewed Oct. 7, 2026. www.ontario.ca/page/canada-ontario-early-years-and-child-care-agreement
13. Statistics Canada. "Table 35-10-0026-01. Crime severity index and weighted clearance rates, Canada, provinces, territories and Census Metropolitan Areas." Released July 22, 2026 (2025 data). www150.statcan.gc.ca/t1/tbl1/en/tv.action?pid=3510002601
14. Environment and Climate Change Canada. "Canadian Climate Normals 1991-2020: Vancouver International (Airport), climate ID 1108395." Viewed Oct. 6, 2026. climate.weather.gc.ca/climate_normals/results_1991_2020_e.html?searchType=stnProv&lstProvince=BC&txtCentralLatMin=0&txtCentralLatSec=0&txtCentralLongMin=0&txtCentralLongSec=0&climate_id=1108395&dispBack=0
15. Environment and Climate Change Canada. "Canadian Climate Normals 1991-2020: Toronto Pearson (Airport), climate ID 6158731." Viewed Oct. 6, 2026. climate.weather.gc.ca/climate_normals/results_1991_2020_e.html?searchType=stnProv&lstProvince=ON&txtCentralLatMin=0&txtCentralLatSec=0&txtCentralLongMin=0&txtCentralLongSec=0&climate_id=6158731&dispBack=0
16. Statistics Canada. "Table 14-10-0459-01. Labour force characteristics by census metropolitan area, three-month moving average, seasonally adjusted." Released Sept. 4, 2026 (June to August 2026). www150.statcan.gc.ca/t1/tbl1/en/tv.action?pid=1410045901
17. Statistics Canada. "Table 14-10-0441-01. Job vacancies, payroll employees, job vacancy rate, and average offered hourly wage by economic region, quarterly." Released Sept. 15, 2026 (second quarter of 2026). www150.statcan.gc.ca/t1/tbl1/en/tv.action?pid=1410044101
18. Statistics Canada. "Table 17-10-0148-01. Population estimates, July 1, by census metropolitan area and census agglomeration, 2021 boundaries." Released Jan. 14, 2026 (July 1, 2025 estimates). www150.statcan.gc.ca/t1/tbl1/en/tv.action?pid=1710014801
19. Statistics Canada. "Table 17-10-0155-01. Population estimates, July 1, by census subdivision, 2021 boundaries." Released Jan. 14, 2026 (July 1, 2025 estimates). www150.statcan.gc.ca/t1/tbl1/en/tv.action?pid=1710015501
20. Statistics Canada. "Canada's population estimates: Subprovincial areas, July 1, 2025. The Daily." Jan. 14, 2026. www150.statcan.gc.ca/n1/daily-quotidien/260114/dq260114a-eng.htm
21. Statistics Canada. "Table 11-10-0009-01. Selected income characteristics of census families by family type." Released July 18, 2025 (2023 tax year). www150.statcan.gc.ca/t1/tbl1/en/tv.action?pid=1110000901
22. Statistics Canada. "Table 11-10-0190-01. Market income, government transfers, total income, income tax and after-tax income by economic family type (Canadian Income Survey)." Released April 29, 2026 (2024 data). www150.statcan.gc.ca/t1/tbl1/en/tv.action?pid=1110019001
23. Municipal Property Assessment Corporation (MPAC). "The Assessment Cycle." Viewed Oct. 7, 2026. www.mpac.ca/en/UnderstandingYourAssessment/AssessmentCycle
24. BC Assessment. "News: Lower Mainland 2026 property assessments announced." Jan. 2, 2026; viewed Oct. 7, 2026. info.bcassessment.ca/news
25. Canada Revenue Agency. "GST/HST calculator (and rates)." Viewed Oct. 7, 2026. www.canada.ca/en/revenue-agency/services/tax/businesses/topics/gst-hst-businesses/charge-collect-which-rate/calculator.html
26. Government of British Columbia. "B.C. provincial sales tax (PST)." Updated Sept. 21, 2026; viewed Oct. 7, 2026. www2.gov.bc.ca/gov/content/taxes/sales-taxes/pst
27. Toronto Transit Commission (TTC). "Fares and passes." Viewed Oct. 7, 2026. www.ttc.ca/en/Fares-and-passes
28. Toronto Transit Commission (TTC). "Fare types and discounts (monthly fare capping)." Viewed Oct. 7, 2026. www.ttc.ca/Fares-and-passes/Fares-types-and-discounts
29. TransLink. "Pricing and fare zones." Viewed Oct. 7, 2026. www.translink.ca/transit-fares/pricing-and-fare-zones
30. Statistics Canada. "Table 18-10-0004-01. Consumer Price Index, monthly, not seasonally adjusted." Released Sept. 14, 2026 (August 2026). www150.statcan.gc.ca/t1/tbl1/en/tv.action?pid=1810000401
31. Statistics Canada. "Table 46-10-0092-01. Asking rent and paid rent prices, by rental unit type and number of bedrooms, experimental estimates." Released Sept. 9, 2026 (second quarter of 2026). www150.statcan.gc.ca/t1/tbl1/en/tv.action?pid=4610009201
32. Government of British Columbia. "Home owner grant." Updated July 3, 2026; viewed Oct. 7, 2026. www2.gov.bc.ca/gov/content/taxes/property-taxes/annual-property-tax/home-owner-grant
33. City of Toronto. "Vacant Home Tax." Modified July 22, 2026; viewed Oct. 7, 2026. www.toronto.ca/services-payments/property-taxes-utilities/vacant-home-tax/
34. City of Vancouver. "Empty Homes Tax." Viewed Oct. 7, 2026. vancouver.ca/home-property-development/empty-homes-tax.aspx
35. Government of British Columbia. "How the speculation and vacancy tax works." Updated Dec. 31, 2025; viewed Oct. 7, 2026. www2.gov.bc.ca/gov/content/taxes/speculation-vacancy-tax/how-tax-works
36. Government of British Columbia. "Tax rates for the speculation and vacancy tax." Updated July 3, 2026; viewed Oct. 7, 2026. www2.gov.bc.ca/gov/content/taxes/speculation-vacancy-tax/how-tax-works/tax-rates
37. Government of British Columbia. "ChildCareBC programs." Published Aug. 13, 2024; viewed Oct. 7, 2026. www2.gov.bc.ca/gov/content/family-social-supports/caring-for-young-children/childcarebc-programs
38. Insurance Corporation of British Columbia (ICBC). "Basic insurance and Enhanced Care." Viewed Oct. 7, 2026. icbc.com/insurance/products-coverage/basic-insurance
39. Financial Services Regulatory Authority of Ontario (FSRA). "Your average premium." Viewed Oct. 7, 2026 (figures as of October 2025). www.fsrao.ca/consumers/auto-insurance/understanding-auto-insurance-rates/your-average-premium
40. Statistics Canada. "Table 14-10-0461-01. Labour force characteristics by census metropolitan area, annual." Released Jan. 9, 2026 (2025 averages). www150.statcan.gc.ca/t1/tbl1/en/tv.action?pid=1410046101
41. Employment and Social Development Canada. "Explore job outlooks. Job Bank." Viewed Oct. 7, 2026. www.jobbank.gc.ca/trend-analysis/search-job-outlooks
42. Statistics Canada. "Police-reported crime statistics in Canada, 2025. The Daily." July 22, 2026. www150.statcan.gc.ca/n1/daily-quotidien/260722/dq260722a-eng.htm
43. Statistics Canada. "Table 98-10-0457-01. Main mode of commuting by commuting duration, time leaving for work, age and gender (2021 Census)." Released Nov. 30, 2022. www150.statcan.gc.ca/t1/tbl1/en/tv.action?pid=9810045701
44. Statistics Canada. "Has the COVID-19 pandemic changed commuting patterns for good? The Daily." Nov. 30, 2022. www150.statcan.gc.ca/n1/daily-quotidien/221130/dq221130c-eng.htm
45. Financial Services Regulatory Authority of Ontario (FSRA). "Changes in Statutory Accident Benefits coverage in Ontario on July 1, 2026." Viewed Oct. 6, 2026. www.fsrao.ca/industry/auto-insurance/changes-statutory-accident-benefits-coverage-ontario-july-1-2026

Update log

• Oct. 7, 2026, 4:11 a.m. ETFirst published. Jobs data to August 2026, home prices to September 2026, rents to the second quarter of 2026, crime data for 2025.

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