The supervacuna against all the variants of the SARS-CoV-2 and future futures

As we have tested in this sixth year, the current vacancies are working very well against grave grave and death. If we do not hesitate to take the majority of the most vulnerable people evacuated, this sex is one of the authentic caricatures. Without embarrassment, these vacancies have restrictions.

The neutralizing antispyum response decreases at the height of one month, and by then these vaccines are not preventing infections. For this reason, they need the third dose, especially for the 60-year-olds and immunocompromised people who have an infection that can take them to the hospital. In Israel including he administered a quarter dose.

Ómicron does not have the latest SARS-CoV-2 variant. The virus itself evolves and can appear new mutations very difficult to predict. In reality, we do not see any more transmissible variants, less virulent ones including more. Moderna and Pfizer are manufacturing specific anti-omicron guns, and other vocal strategies will also inform you that you can update your front-end guns to omicron in a few months.

Pero estas propuestas probablemente ya lleguen tarde. While a new variant is being detected, we hope to see what effect it has on the population, we will redesign or modify the vaccine, manufacture and vaccinate the vaccine at such a time as to prevent the virus from spreading. We need a vaccine to try new variants, which do not update every six months or so, including being effective against more members of the coronavirus family.

In addition to murciélagos, the coronavirus infecting camellias, birds, cats, goats, cats, cats, rodents, fish, rabbits, pangolins and many other animals from which they can be “salting” to the human population. In 2002, the SARS was launched, a new coronavirus that comes from muri companies and passes through civic adaptation to human beings. Diez años después, fue el Mers aartir de coronavirus de dromedarios. In 2019 llegó el SARS-CoV-2. We can only say that in the next 10-50 years we will have another pandemic similar to SARS-CoV-2.

Inside the coronavirus family, there are four genera: alpha, beta, gamma and delta-coronavirus. Inside the gamma and delta genera does not have human coronavirus. The alpha-coronavirus group includes cataracts 229E and NL63, and the beta-coronavirus group includes the other five human coronaviruses: OC43, HKU1, MERS, SARS and SARS-CoV-2.

It is necessary, therefore, to have a universal vaccine against the coronavirus, the “pancoronavirus”, not only protecting against the SARS-CoV-2 and its genetic variants, but also against other coronaviruses that can cause future crimes and pandemics, especially against them beta-coronavirus, which is the potential pandemic major. Vacancies of this type, “universal”, were committed against the VIH or the flu virus, at the moment. In comparison, the SARS-CoV-2 has much less to do with the VIH grip, which makes the lens more factual.

Anticuerpos superneutralizantes

It is known that there are people called “elite neutralizers”, that he passed covid-19 or that he vacated (or both) and that he had a very powerful and peculiar response. These “elite neutralizers” are not very frequent, but can produce a type of very potent anticoagulants (antiperspirant neutralizers of amplitude spectrum) capable of uniting parts of the virus that are present in the majority of coronavirus family members, and which obscure occults and without changes to the mutations (epitopes “cryptic”).

Some studios have suggested that people suffering from SARS-CoV-1 infection during the 2003 epidemic broke out and now have been vaccinated against SARS-CoV-2, and are capable of defending solely on all SARS- variants. CoV-2, whose anticoagulant pathway includes protegers against other distinct coronavirus.

In a recent article published in Science, the investigators have performed various sciences of anticancer monoclonal patients that pass the infection by SARS-CoV-1 hace 17 years and patients who have been infected with SARS-CoV-2.

From all of them, he selected some potent formative reaction agents against SARS-CoV-1, SARS-CoV-2, murine coronavirus coronavirus WIV-1, RsSHC014, RaTG13-CoV, and the GXP4L-CoV of pangolin. One of its antecedents, named DH1047, was able to neutralize the Alpha, Beta, Gamma, Delta, Kappa and California (PB.1.429) and New York (B.1.526) variants of SARS-CoV-2. Treatment with DH1047 protects against rat infections against SARS-CoV-1, WIV-1, RsSHC014 and SARS-CoV-2.

The most important structural analysis that DH1047 unites with a high affinity to a specific zone of the protein S cuya sequencing is very conserved between the beta-coronavirus: the zone of the RBD receptor (Receptor Binding Domain).

This work suggests that this zone of the protein S of the beta-coronavirus is a rational objective for the development of a universal vaccine. One of the strategies, however, consists in concluding that the vaccine estimates the production of this type of neutralizing antispycho amplitude spectrum against that zone of the protein.

Nanoparticle vacancies

The next step consisted of developing a vacancy based on nanoparticles of ferritin united with peptides from the RBD zone of the protein S. These nanoparticles are microscopic at a thickness of less than 100 nanometers (one nanometer and one millionth of a million) and is formed by ferritin, a complete protein of 24 subunits that forms a nanocyanate species where “colocar” other compounds.

These ferritin nanoparticles are different antigens or parts of the virus, in the form that our body produces antibodies for each of their antigens. As such, this vaccine has 24 distinct forms of the coronavirus variant S protein in its surface. To potentiate his action the vaccine is administered jointly with an adjuvant, a substance to enforce the immune response.

This type of vacancy is he was assayado in macacos. The inoculation of these nanoparticles is capable of generating neutralizing antibodies against the SARS-CoV-1 mines, the Alpha, Beta and Gamma variants of SARS-CoV-2 and other coronavirus coronaviruses.

In addition, it induces a potent and amplified cellular response. And the most important, it is capable of protecting animals from virus replication and avoiding pulmonary death through a high infective dose of SARS-CoV-2.

Thus, these ferritin-loaded nanoparticles loaded with antigen from SARS-CoV-2 induce a sterilizing agent in the superior respiratory tract in macaques, which has not yet been listed with another type of vaccine against SARS-CoV-2. Moreover, the high capacity of neutralization of the anticursors is a good augmentation for a protection of mayor duration. In addition, no evidence of an increase in immunopathology has been observed, provoking inflammatory cytokines in the vagina. It appears that he has been carrying out phase I clinical trials in humans with this vaccine, and is in the process of publishing the first results of safety and immunogenicity.

Another strategy similar to GSK and SK Bioscience’s vacancy is Bioscience in clinical stages in humans. GBP510 is a candidate for vaccine based also in auto-assembled nanoparticles with peptide derivatives S of the SARS-CoV-2 protein.

In fact, it is an icosahedric structure that assimilates a virus that is “rebounded” with the peptide-type peptide domains of the receptor of the protein S. It has been proven that these nanoparticles are administered with an adjuvant that causes a potent neutralizing repellent and protector in macacos.

Vacuna DNA

También is also developing prototypes of universal vacancies against the SARS-CoV-2 DNA bases. It is a fragment of DNA that contains information for the synthesis of the receptor domain (RBD) domains of the original Wuhan coronavirus protein S and the Alpha and Beta variants, combined with the M y N. protein

The results in experimental animals demonstrated that this vaccine was able to induce the production of high levels of neutralizing anticoagulants against the original Wuhan virus and the Beta, Delta and Omicron variants. In addition, the vaccine protects against rat lethal infection due to the SARS-CoV-2 Beta variant.

It is very likely that in the next few months we will have this type of strategy, pancoronavirus vacuums against only the different variants that have and can be surpassed by SARS-CoV-2, so we are also looking at new future uses. Not all acaba with current vacancies, continuous science.

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La original version of this article was published on the blog microBIO

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Ignacio López-Goñi, Department of Microbiology, University of Navarre

This article was originally published in The Conversation. Lea el original.