The Summit of the Americas, as is the case with similar mechanisms where the diplomatic base is multilateral, is important because, after what happened during the pandemic or in various economic crises such as the one in 2009 and the Russian invasion of Ukraine today, we know that alone, countries cannot face the consequences.
Multilateralism exists because the economic, political, diplomatic, technological and military differences between the countries of the world are wide. Without multilateralism the power between few powers would grow.
It was in Miami in 1994 where the first Summit of the Americas took place at the initiative of President Bill Clinton. Its objective was the formation of the Free Trade Area of the Americas (FTAA). It was even set as an objective that it would enter into force in January 2005. In the end, it was not achieved.
Two years ago, Foreign Minister Marcelo Ebrard recognized that within the Community of Latin American and Caribbean States (CELAC) it was difficult to address political issues due to the polarization that prevailed in the area. Mexico held the pro tempore presidency of CELAC for two years (2020 and 2021), exceptionally due to the pandemic.
Today, we would have to ask ourselves what is the health of the relationship between Latin American and Caribbean countries. This year, countries like Colombia and Brazil will have presidential elections. In fact, Colombia will go to the polls this Sunday. The polls point to a victory for the left through Gustavo Petro. In Brazil, Lula has an advantage over Bolsonaro.
Are political signs the ones that catalyze diplomatic relations between governments?
They are not decisive, but they do help.
The value that we must not forget is found in the institutions regardless of the president in office. Solid institutions, with separation of powers and full promotion of human rights and freedoms are essential to harmonize international relations.
The great objective for 2030 would have to be the assurance of democratic institutions in the region. So far this century, practically all Latin American and Caribbean countries have had peaceful transitions of governments, but that does not mean that it will be projected into the future. We have seen autocratic regimes grow.
Another issue on the regional agenda is migration. Apparently, this will be one of the main ones that will be addressed in Los Angeles.
In recent weeks we have seen decisions by US judges to reverse President Biden’s immigration policies. These types of decisions directly involve Mexico. For example, Title 42 and the Remain in Mexico program. Both inherited by President Trump.
The Summit of the Americas could address the issue. Hopefully.