After a long debate about how the European Union can be made more robust and security conscious, Europeans have made more progress towards that goal in the last week than in the previous decade. Russia’s war has awakened a sleeping giant, one that is fully committed to supporting a free Ukraine.
BRUSSELS – Some weeks can feel like decades, and the last one has been one of them. With Russia’s aggression against Ukraine, the tragedy of war has broken out again in Europe. Russian forces have bombed homes, schools, hospitals and other civilian infrastructure. The Kremlin’s propaganda machine has gone into overdrive in its effort to justify the unjustifiable. Nearly two million people have already fled the violence, with more to come.
The Ukrainians, for their part, have mounted a heroic defense of their country, driven by the leadership of President Volodymyr Zelensky. In the face of escalating attacks and claims by the Kremlin that deny their national identity, Ukrainians have shown unity and resistance. Stuck in the past, Russian President Vladimir Putin may have convinced himself that Ukraine belongs to him under his vision of a “great Russia”. But the Ukrainians have shown that their country belongs to them, and that their future is European.
The European Union has sprung into action. While some expected us to waver, be divided, and be slow to react, we have moved quickly to support Ukraine, breaking taboos along the way. We have imposed unprecedented sanctions on the oligarchs linked to the Kremlin and those responsible for the war. Measures that were unthinkable just a few days ago – such as the banning of access to the SWIFT system for major Russian banks and the freezing of the assets of the Russian central bank – are already being implemented. And, for the first time, the EU is supporting member states in supplying military equipment to beleaguered Ukraine, mobilizing €500 million ($554 million) through the European Peace Fund.
We have done all this together with other countries to ensure that these measures have maximum effect. The United States, the United Kingdom, Canada, Switzerland, Japan, Singapore, and many other financial and economic powerhouses have joined us in adopting tough sanctions. International outrage against Russia is cascading, including into sports and the arts. A stampede of companies is leaving the Russian market.
However, the news reaching us from the ground in Ukraine is horrific and sobering, with no one knowing how this war will end. Putin will try to excuse the bloodshed he has unleashed by portraying it as an inevitable by-product of some mythical clash between the West and the Rest; but he will not convince almost anyone. The vast majority of countries and peoples around the world refuse to accept a world in which an autocratic leader can simply seize whatever he wants through military aggression.
On March 2, the majority of the United Nations General Assembly – 141 countries – voted in favor of Ukraine’s sovereign rights, denouncing Russia’s actions as a clear violation of the UN Charter and international law. Only four countries voted with Russia (the remaining 35 abstained). This historic display of global consensus demonstrates the extent to which Russian leaders have isolated their country. The EU worked hard to achieve this result at the UN, and we fully agree with UN Secretary General António Guterres that the task now is to end the violence and open the door to diplomacy.
In the week since the Russian invasion, we have also seen the belated birth of a geopolitical Europe. For years, Europeans have debated how to make the EU stronger and more security-conscious, with unity of purpose and capabilities to pursue our political goals on the world stage. It can be said that in the last week we have advanced further along this path than in the previous decade.
This is a positive development, but much remains to be done. First of all, we must prepare ourselves to support Ukraine and its people in the long term, both for their sake and for ours. There will be no security for anyone if we allow Putin to prevail. If there are no rules anymore, we will all be in danger. That is why we must ensure the survival of a free Ukraine. And for this, we must maintain an opening so that Russia can return to reason, so that peace can be restored.
Second, we must recognize what this war means for European security and resilience in general. Consider the energy dimension. It is clear that reducing our dependence on energy imports from authoritarian and aggressive powers is an urgent strategic imperative. It is absurd that we have literally financed our opponent’s ability to wage war. The invasion of Ukraine should give a new impetus to our energy and ecological transition. Every euro we invest in renewable energy development at home will reduce our strategic vulnerabilities and help prevent catastrophic climate change. Strengthening our base also means standing up to Russia’s aggressive disinformation networks and going after the Kremlin’s funding and influence-peddling ecosystem.
Third, in a world based on power politics, we need the ability to coerce and defend ourselves. Yes, this includes military means and develop the need to favor their development. But the essence of what the EU has done this week is to use all policies and instruments – which remain mainly economic and regulatory in nature – as instruments of power. We should start from this base in the coming weeks, in the Ukraine, but also in other places, as needed.
The main task of “geopolitical Europe” is simple. To use our new sense of purpose first to ensure a free Ukraine, and then to restore peace and security to our continent.
The author
Josep Borrell, High Representative of the European Union for International Affairs and Security Policy, is Vice President of the European Commission for a Strong Europe in the world.
Copyright: Project Syndicate, 2020