No todo es Covid-19: la peste porcina africana amenaza a Europa

In principle, the Italian authorities will notify the first case of African Porcine Pest (PPA) in a jabalí found in the Piamonte region, in the northeast of the country. The few days ago were notified of additional cases, also in jabalíes. It’s a bad news, but it’s just getting worse.

In the fall of 2020, the European Food Safety Authority (EFSA) launched a campaign, built “Alto a la peste porcina africana”, destined to conscience and sensitize the population is detrimental to the heavy graves that are prevalent in the south of Europe and can be used to improve the economy of our continent. At the moment the success of the campaign is limited.

A DNA virus without potential zoonotic

The African Porcine Pest (PPA) is a virus-infested worm, produced by a DNA virus of the family Asfarviridae. It is characterized by hemorrhagic fever, ataxia and severe depression. Affected to houses, jabalies and its parentheses, with a case of latency of up to 100%.

The disease has no zoonotic potential, because it does not affect the human being. But to present a limited range of animals, its socio-economic impact is tremendous. It is not uncommon for wolves to be a primary source of domestic animals in many lands. Moreover, the carnation of these animals is one of the main sources of animal proteins, representing more than 35% of global carnage intake.

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According to the World Health Organization (OIE), the African Porcine Pest Virus (PPA) is the most important pathogen affecting the domestic porcine population. The propaganda of the African porcine plague all over the world has devastated the porcine pigs managed by families, including the pillar of the support of the people and an engine of ascending mobility. As a collateral effect, it has reduced the opportunities for access to medical attention and education.

Ate estos hechos se entiende el impacto tuvo que en agosto del año 2018 surgiera a big break from PPA in China, the world’s largest producer and consumer of porcina. It raised millions of dollars and achieved an economic loss of 0.78% in gross Chinese domestic products from 2019. The gross obliged Chinese producers to sacrifice more than 200 million pounds, which has a significant decelerating impact on the Chinese economy. Including impact on world market markets surpassing a fortune-telling for the global cornmeal summit.

Global situation of the African porcine pest in the year 2022

Currently no vacancy

The plague is currently affecting various regions of the world and does not have a vaccine effect. Nothing is amiss in the fact that the health and well-being of animals alone will not be affected, even if it also has prejudicial effects on biodiversity and the means of subsistence of primary producers.

During the last decade, African African pestilence has undergone regional infestation in sub-Saharan Africa as one. amenaza considerable y tangible para la cría de cerdos so much in Europe as in Asia. En lugar de ir a mejor, todo ha ido a peor.

Originally, the disease was discovered in Kenya in 1910, and the virus was first detected in the European continent, in Portugal, in the year 1957. Since then, the disease has spread to Spain in 1960, provoking serious economic deviations such as of the cereals that morian –y of the need to sacrifice to the animals of the affected zones – as of the prohibition of exporting cereals or derivative products.

Between 1960 and 1970 the African porcine plague extended to Europe affecting Italy, the Netherlands, Belgium and France. For fortune, the enredmedad consiguió erradicares of the European territories, salvo of the Italian island of Cerdeña, where the African porcine plague has been categorized as endemic since 1978.

Currently, the African porcine plague virus (an Asfivirus, the only member of its genus) is endemic to various parts of sub-Saharan Africa and Madagascar. There are 24 genotypes described, based on the sequence of the protein of the capsid p72 of the virus. The genotype I of the African porcine plague virus is endemic in Cerdena. By grace, the genotype II of the virus was introduced in Georgia in 2007 and has since been propagated through the Caucasus region, affecting Armenia, Azerbaijan, Russia, Ukraine, Belarus, Lithuania, Latvia, Poland, Estonia, Moldova. , the Czech Republic and Romania, where the virus continues to circulate.

In 2018, three other European countries, Hungary, Bulgaria and Belgium, announced the presence of the African Porcine Pest virus and China alert to crime in its territory. The crimes in Africa and Asia and the propagation in Europe no han cesado desde entonces. On the face of it, the virus is expanding from the affected zone of the European Union moving mainly in the upper direction.

In general, the virus is transmitted by contact with infected and smoky animals, ingestion of contaminated porcine products and yeasts. In sub-Saharan Africa, the cycle circulates through a cycle of infection that affects domestic cats, to the bottom of the river (Potamochoerus larvatus), al facoquero oriental (Phacochoerus aethiopicus) ya varias species of garrapatas blandas del genera Ornithodoros.

In areas of the Caucasus, Eastern Europe and the Baltic countries, the circulation circulates between domestic countries (Sus scrofa domesticus) and the European jabalies (Sus scrofa), causing clinical signs and similar mortality in both populations.

The case of Poland and the Jabalies

Poland commences to notify African porcine pest breaches on 14 February 2014. The first bream appears in a jabalis population in this part of the country, 10 km from the frontier with Belarus. Since February 2014, the vernacular of 2021, in Poland has been confirmed 12,764 more African porcine pests en jabalíes y 400 focos de esta enfermedad en domesticos.

Disappointingly, the weight of the implements applied to the eradication of the African porcine plague, the number of straws in jabalis and domestic cerds is increasing dynamically in the last years. On the other hand, in Poland there is a massive jabalis infection that provokes a slow-moving propaganda campaign.

In terms of multiplicity and population density of jabalíes, the current number of these animals in Polish territory is around 67 000 cabezas. Police authorities have introduced control measures such as reducing jabalis population, searching and eliminating dead animals, trampling or searching among others. But at the moment there are no enough suffixes.

From the situation, the German authorities have put up a wall of hundreds of kilometers to the length of the German-Polish front to avoid the jabalis propagating the African porcine plague in Germany. The search was in line with Poland and was built inside the German territory at a minimum distance of 5 meters from the real front with the windmill.

Denmark has also built a wall of decades of kilometers to the front of its frontier with Germany in an effort to control the migration of jabalis. No en vano, Denmark finds itself among the major exporters of world-class carne.

The introduction of the African Porcine Pest virus into free-ranging countries, there has been an increase in salvage jabalis or imports and the legal and illegal trade in contaminated products and waste is a very serious problem.

It is indisputable that the increase in the number of infected countries represents a significant increase. Given that the effects of an African porcine pest brood can be devastating, preventive, detective and informative are essential to avoid propagation and can contain the disease.

Raúl Rivas González, Department of Microbiology, University of Salamanca

This article was originally published in The Conversation. Lea el original.